Qarun Lake

[fishzoo]

[فقط الأعضاء المسجلين والمفعلين يمكنهم رؤية الوصلات . إضغط هنا للتسجيل] Pollution and high salinity threaten Qarun protected area , the oldest natural lakes in the world Poaching of fish, animals and rare birds and the discharge of waste water are behind the degradation of the lake Assiut (Egypt): Mamdouh Thabet A recent scientific study, Department of Geography, University of Assiut in southern Egypt, showed an increase in the proportion of pollution and high salinity in Qarun lake. The study, conducted by Dr. Hasmudin Gad Al rab, assured the decrease in fish productivity of the lake and the deterioration of the tourism industry, as well as the surrounding agricultural land The study proved that the lake suffers from a serious problem as a result of the biological rot red algae of the type «Bolesfinua» which is transferred to the lake from the Mediterranean Sea. This resulted from the transfer of mullet fish fry, ,as the algae adapted ,grown and proliferated, and the rot increased at the bottom of the lake, especially in the summer months when the waters receded hundreds of meters emitting unpleasant odors resulting from the hydrogen sulfide gas, leading the lake to look like a pool of sewage, in addition to the reduced in the quantity of oxygen necessary for fish respiration The study showed that there was a significant increase in the proportion of pollution from sewage, because many of the wastes discharge of official and tourist authorities ,the remnants of the neighboring villages and agricultural wastes of pesticides, fertilizers and various metals The study recorded a significant reduction in the production of fish from the lake, with an output of 1834 tons in 2001 after producing 2000 tons in 1981, due to increased pollution sources of the lake. Also, the study registered an increase of slit (mud) deposits at the bottom of the lake, which helped the growth of marine plants that feed the fish, and thus adversely affect human health. The study warned of overfishing contrary, using small trawlers, which leads to the destruction of tilapia and Almoosa fish breeding and put an end to large quantities of mullet fish fry, due to their low price of the equipments of this craft. The study assured that there is great suffering experienced by the population of the lake,as they are 431 thousand people in 2001. The percentage of births in the protected area was about 34.9 people per thousand while the death rate was 5.4 per thousand, with natural increase amounted to 30 per thousand in 2001. The study mentioned the bad economic conditions of about 5 thousands fishermen living there on the fishing industry, which is one of the sources of fish wealth in Egypt. These fishermen have nearly 605 fishing boats and market their products through 11 collecting center on the coast of the lake. The geographical study to the economic development of Qarun lake referred to other studies conducted by the Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum, which confirmed the increasing activities of the destroying resources represented in poaching of animals and rare wild resident and migratory birds such as gulls, white and grey and little egret , flamingo , free eagle and other various kinds of rare birds, in addition to tampering with the geological zones of the environmental and historical impact The study recommended the re-drawing of new borders to Qarun protected area and re-division from the interior, as well as reducing the pollution rate of chemicals , pesticide residues and heavy elements in order to preserve human health and biodiversity of the different organisms. The study called for the need to introduce new types of marine fish that have the ability to adopt to the high salinity water of the lake, as well as to prevent the dumping of sewage, from both the surrounding villages or tourist buildings. The study demanded for some environmental researches including physical, chemical and biological studies of the lake, as well as demanding for the creation of a permanent headquarters for the protection of the reserve from poaching and the follow-up to the hydrographic surface of the bottom of the lake every 5 years to identify any changes occur. As well as advocacy for the establishment of treatment plants near the mouths of the banks in the lake for sewage treatment before arriving to the lake .Attention must be paid to environmental and craft industries .The study invited to plant a green belt on the northern shore of the lake along 350 meters of Acacia Sanaga trees and plants have the ability to take high salinity and drought, especially mangrove trees. It should be noted tha Qarun protected area located in Al Fayoum Governorate, is one of the oldest natural lakes in the world and is currently an area of 1385 square kilometers, of which about 215 square kilometers of water surface representing 15.5 per cent of the total area of the whole protected area. The area of the lake was 2800 square kilometers in Pharaonic times or ten times its current size, and the water was fresh. The composition of Qarun Lake is distincted with its spindle shape as its length of is of 45 km and varies in width from 5 to 10 kilometers, with a depth of 7 meters .The Qarun Lake reserve is considered as one of the most attractive places for tourism in Egypt, especially one day tourism, for being too close to the capital, Cairo, with about 100 km, and it is also one of important places to spend winter due to its moderate weather in winter, and now there are a lot of hotels and tourist villages in it . Quoted By: Inas Galal Translated By : Fishzoo      منتديات اكوازوو

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